by Duffie Osental

The average cost of a house in Canada is almost twice as much as in the United States – something BMO’s chief economist believes could be due to several reasons.

According to figures from BMO, the average home price in Canada is about 46% higher than the average cost of a home south of the border. What’s more, housing’s share of Canadian nominal GDP increased above 9% in the third quarter of last year – more than double the current US ratio of 4.3%.

In a recent report, BMO chief economist Douglas Porter pointed to several reasons why Canadian house prices are higher than their US counterparts, including Canada’s stronger population growth in recent years, lower interest rates, and a higher share of the country’s urban population centred around the three largest cities of Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver.

Porter also noted that a lack of capital gains taxes on the principal residence in Canada “no doubt plays a role in juicing investment in real estate and can contribute to relatively high home prices.”

But Porter also said that that, in general, a “much more fundamental answer may simply be that on balance Canadians have made a collective choice to allocate more resources to (and thus ‘consume’ more) housing than other countries.”

“And that’s not necessarily a bad thing, just a consumption choice,” said Porter. “It’s debatable that the heavy investment in housing relative to other areas is a misalignment of resources – as some have suggested – if that truly represents the preference of Canadians. After all, housing is in fact an investment that can provide an ongoing benefit. While some dismiss it as ‘consumption,’ who is to judge if this type of consumption is better or worse than other forms of spending?”

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By: David Larock

We begin 2021 with our glasses half full – and that’s not just because our New Year’s celebrations were cancelled.

On the one hand, recently approved vaccines give us hope that we will beat the pandemic back and return to normal activities sometime this year. But on the other hand, spiking infection rates have necessitated the reintroduction of lockdown restrictions that will severely test our resolve over the near term.

Against that backdrop, and in keeping with my annual tradition, here is my interest-rate forecast for the year ahead.

Let’s start with a quick look at the current consensus forecast.

The majority of market watchers and economists believe that the excess cash that has built up on our personal balance sheets hangs over our economy like a Pinata that will burst open when the pandemic ends. They expect it to trigger a surge in spending that will increase inflationary pressures more quickly than our central bank policy makers are forecasting.

If they’re right, our mortgage rates could move sharply higher. The Government of Canada (GoC) bond yields that our fixed mortgage rates are priced on would be bid up if investors believed that rising inflation would erode their returns.

At the same time, rising inflationary pressures could force the Bank of Canada (BoC) to hike its policy rate, which our variable mortgage rates are priced on, well ahead of its broadcasted 2023 timetable.

At the moment, the consensus forecast resonates with a lot of people.

We all want to believe that a return to normal life is imminent, and we all look forward to our next restaurant visit, haircut and entertainment event. Many Canadians have extra cash burning a hole in their pocket at the moment, and it’s easy to envision demand for some services outstripping their supply over the short term when that cash is deployed.

Borrowers have benefited from record low borrowing rates since COVID began, but not without nervously wondering when they will move higher. Every day I am asked about how much longer today’s rates will last. More broadly, optimistic economic forecasts also appeal to our hope for better days ahead, and who isn’t looking for some extra hope wherever they can find it these days?

The belief that an encore to the roaring 1920s awaits us is widespread – so much so that the contrarian in me is reminded of Rule #9 of Bob Farrell’s 10 Rules for Investing: “When all the experts and forecasts agree – something else is going to happen.”

Bluntly put, I don’t think we have yet hit the bottom in mortgage rates, and barring a short-term run-up, which is always possible, I don’t think they will move sustainably higher this year.

The consensus forecast appears to be based on several flawed assumptions, and it overlooks several key points that lead me to a very different conclusion.

To explain that, let’s look at five key assumptions that I think the consensus has wrong:

1. The pandemic will have a definitive end.

No one is going to ring a bell to signal the end of the pandemic. The vaccine rollouts are going to take time, we don’t know how effective they will prove to be, it isn’t clear how many people will voluntarily vaccinate, and we don’t know whether the virus will mutate into new, vaccine-resistant strains (mutations are already evident).

People are going to assess evolving pandemic risks individually, and their decisions to resume activities will happen slowly, over time. I agree with this recent Globe and Mail article, which predicts that the pandemic will end not with a bang, but with a whimper.

1. We’re going to return to pre-pandemic “normal”.

The pandemic has changed behaviours in ways that aren’t yet entirely clear, but our economy will need to recalibrate to those changes, which will take time, and the transition will likely be disruptive to our economic momentum.

To cite one example: we all look forward to that first restaurant meal, but what about our second or third one?

I don’t think we’ll collectively go back to eating out as much as we used to. Part of adapting to COVID has been learning to cook for ourselves, and I think that change will permanently reduce our overall propensity to eat out.

New habits, now formed, won’t break easily – and we’ve had a long time to learn new habits.

1. There is a lot of free cash that will be deployed over a short period of time.

The pandemic has further widened the gap in our society between the haves and the have-nots.

The haves didn’t see a significant negative impact to their incomes and in many cases took advantage of record low borrowing rates to make large purchases such as real estate, cars, and/or investments in financial markets. Not all of their initially pent-up savings are burning a hole in their pockets anymore.

The have-nots have been receiving government support that in many cases raised their incomes above their pre-pandemic levels. The end of COVID will mean the end of emergency benefits for this group, and they will have less disposable income as a result.

1. Spending on services will likely rise, but spending on goods will likely fall.

The end of the pandemic may lead to a surge in spending on services, but some or all of that increase will likely be offset by a drop in spending on goods. In this recent article, economist David Rosenberg noted that “spending growth in the goods sector actually benefited from the pandemic, and the trend this past year doubled the historical norm”. He highlights the risk that demand for goods will drop when the pandemic ends and estimates that “COVID-19-hit services have to rise $4 for every $1 pull-back in the goods sector just to stay even”.

1. A consumer spending surge will give our economy a sustainable lift.

Even if we do see a surge in consumer spending, there is no guarantee that it will kick start the broader economy. If it doesn’t fuel a rise in business investment, its economic benefits will be short lived.

When the pandemic is brought to heel, the businesses that made it through will go back to worrying about trade wars, supply-chain disruptions, the lofty Loonie, and the likelihood that their tax rates will soon rise.

The consensus also underestimates the impact that inexorably rising levels of debt in all sectors will have on our post-pandemic outcomes.

Record low rates may have helped stave off a full-blown depression, but they also fuelled eye-watering increases in debt. The more debt an economy has, the more of its income must be used to service it, through larger interest payments, increased taxes, or both. And money spent on interest and taxes is lost to more productive investment that would fuel sustainable growth.

If rates do rise, record-high debt levels will magnify the cost of even a small increase in borrowing rates – and likely kill any rise in inflationary pressures.

Now that I’ve explained why I disagree with the consensus, here’s my take on what’s ahead for our mortgage rates in the year ahead.

Fixed Mortgage Rates

I expect that our fixed mortgage rates will finish 2021 at levels that are either similar to today’s rates or lower.

If COVID infection rates fall dramatically and that leads to the kind of surge in consumer spending that the consensus predicts, we may see inflation rise and fixed rates move up a little over the short term, but I think that any run-ups will be short lived.

Our overall inflation rate is pretty tame at the moment, at least as measured by our Consumer Price Index (CPI), which stands at 1% (well below the BoC’s 2% target). We aren’t likely to see a sustainable rise in inflationary pressures until our output gap comes close to closing. (As a reminder, the output gap measures the gap between our economy’s actual output and its maximum potential output.) Our output gap has widened considerably during the pandemic, and the BoC now expects that it won’t close until sometime in 2023.

Inflation isn’t likely to push our fixed mortgage rates higher, and at the same time, the BoC is actively trying to push them lower. The Bank recently shifted the focus of its aggressive quantitative easing (QE) programs from preserving the liquidity of our financial system to reducing the borrowing rates that most directly impact households and businesses. (Even if it falls short of that goal, at the very least I would expect the Bank to use its QE programs to lean against any short-term run up in the GoC bond yields that our fixed mortgage rates are priced on.)

I think there is a reasonable chance that fixed mortgage rates can fall even farther. In addition to my less than rosy economic forecast and the BoC’s QE plans, the bond yields that underpin our fixed mortgage rates will also be impacted by the direction of global bond yields.

To that end, consider that while our five-year GoC bond yields are still slightly positive, at 0.39%, the same can’t be said for the five-year government bond yields in seven of the other G10 countries.

Variable Mortgage Rates

I expect that our variable mortgage rates will also finish 2021 at levels that are either similar to today or somewhat lower.

First a quick reminder: Variable mortgage rates are based on lender prime rates, which move in lockstep with the BoC’s policy rate.

The BoC has made it very clear that it doesn’t expect to raise its policy rate until sometime in 2023. It has also recently floated the idea that it may cut its policy rate a little more, perhaps by another 0.10% to 0.15% in the year ahead if economic conditions worsen. I think any additional rate cut will depend on what happens with the Loonie (for a more detailed explanation of why, check out this post).

If the BoC either holds its policy rate steady or drops it a little more, anyone with an existing variable-rate mortgage will see their rate either stay the same or fall in the year ahead.

The variable rates offered to new borrowers have an additional factor at play. Lenders price their variable mortgage rates using their prime rates and then apply a discount. For example, lender prime rates are 2.45% today, and variable rates are offered at prime minus 0.75% (1.70%) or lower.

If lender discounts widen, the variable rates offered to new borrowers will move lower, even if the BoC holds its policy rate steady. (If those discounts shrink, those same rates will rise instead.)

I expect that aggressive competition among lenders will lead to larger variable-rate discounts, as long as we don’t see COVID-related risk premiums re-appear.

Despite that backdrop, variable-rate borrowers aren’t guaranteed smooth sailing in the year ahead. If fixed mortgage rates do move higher for a period, variable rate borrowers will have their courage tested. In my experience, variable rate borrowers get nervous when the fixed rates they are entitled to convert to, if they locked in, start to rise. If that happens, my advice for those who could still sleep well at night in the current context would be to ride it out.

I will close with a disclaimer.

Predictions are difficult to make at the best of times, and especially now, with all of the uncertainty surrounding the pandemic. I put a lot of time and research into my forecasts, and I think I can reasonably claim to offer an educated opinion, but I don’t have a crystal ball and there are so many factors that influence the direction of rates that any opinion should be taken as just that: an opinion.

The only guarantees in life are of death and taxes. (If we make it through the pandemic, we will have put off the former, but probably in exchange for a lot more of the latter.)The Bottom Line: Based on the detailed analysis provided above, I expect our fixed and variable mortgage rates to either remain at their current levels or move lower in the year ahead.

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The average price people are willing to pay for real estate in Windsor-Essex continues to skyrocket even as the COVID-19 pandemic rages on.

In general, the average property price in the region has increased by nearly 25 per cent over the last year.

“It has escalated lately,” Damon Winney, president of the Windsor-Essex County Realtor’s Association said.

According to a  monthly report by the Windsor-Essex County Association of Realtors, the average property price last year in the month of November was $338,338.

This year, it’s nearly $82,000 more expensive, with prices sitting at $420,007.

Property sales notably dipped in the months of April and May, as the community locked down and the main concerns were centred around the virus.

“As the economy grew and opened up again, we’ve seen people back into the market and in fact we’ve seen people come from other areas.”

He said because of COVID-19, people have been moving to the area from the GTA and the surrounding region.

Winney said he thinks that while a slowdown is inevitable, low interest rates are helping drive the interest in the market.

“We’ve got a federal government trying to keep the economy going and I think that housing is one of those marvellous factors that actually helps drive the economy over the long term,” Winney said.

More people are listing their homes as well, with listings up by almost 10 per cent. The number of sales are also up more than six per cent.

Playing catch up

“We’re just, pretty much, catching up with cities that are equivalent to us in terms of population,” Rasha Ingratta a mortgage agent with Mortgage Intelligence said.

She also points toward the extremely low interest rates that are giving people a big incentive to get into the market with much lower monthly payments.

“I say to [people considering getting into the market] this is the best time to buy,” Ingratta said. “Because I think prices are going to keep going up for the next year or so until it flat lines.”

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The average price of a Canadian resale home has risen by more than 15 per cent in the year up to October, the Canadian Real Estate Association said Monday.

The group that represents more than 130,000 real estate agents across Canada said that last month was the busiest October ever for home sales, continuing a trend that started in May after COVID-19 lockdowns in March and April put the market into a deep freeze.

While sales plummeted in the early days of the pandemic, they have been on fire ever since. Some 56,186 homes changed hands during the month, bringing the total tally of 2020 as a whole to 461,818. That’s the second-busiest 10-month stretch ever.

Sales continued to boom compared to normal levels, and prices seem to be doing the same thing.

The average price of a resale home sold on CREA’s MLS system went for $607,250. That’s up by 15.2 per cent compared to last October. Six provinces saw double digit gains and one — Manitoba — missed it by a hair, at 9.6 per cent

CREA warns that the average selling price can be misleading, since it tends to be skewed higher by sales of expensive houses in places like Toronto and Vancouver, so it puts out another number — known as the Multiple Listing Service House Price Index, or MLS HPI, that adjusts for market size and type of home.

By: Clayton Jarvis

Last week, CREA released its housing data for September 2020, with the headline number being a nationwide year-over-year increase in sales of 45.6 percent. It’s a colossal figure, but one that makes little room for nuance.

As many Mortgage Broker News readers are aware, there is no “Canadian housing market”, just a collection of distinct housing markets that happen to be in Canada. With that in mind, let’s take a look at where the action took place.

British Columbia

B.C.’s September was ridiculous: 11,368 residential transactions and a year-over-year increase in sales of 63.3 percent. According to data from the British Columbia Real Estate Association, the activity sent the average MLS residential sale price soaring compared to September 2019, when it was “only” $696,647. At the end of the month, the average MLS listing sold for $803,210.

“The provincial housing market had a record-setting September,” said BCREA Chief Economist Brendon Ogmundson. “Both total sales and average prices were the highest ever for the month of September as pent-up demand from the spring pushes into the fall.”

The average selling price ballooned by more than 15 percent year-over-year in seven different regions:

• Powell River (30.4 percent)
• Victoria (25.3 percent)
• Okanagan Mainline (20.6 percent)
• Kamloops (20 percent)
• South Okanagan (19.6 percent)
• Vancouver Island (15.6 percent)
• Fraser Valley (15.4 percent)

Active listings for September fell by 11.7 percent versus the year before.

The Prairies

Alberta had an uneven September sales-wise. Even in markets that experienced increased sales, prices did not respond the way they did in B.C.

Just over 1,700 units were sold in Calgary, making it the most active September since 2014. But the only asset class to actually see its benchmark price increase compared to last year was detached homes, where the average benchmark price, $488,800, improved by just 0.9 percent.

Sales in Edmonton leapt 35.5 percent year-over-year, led by a 42.8 percent increase in single-family sales. Single-family homes sold for an average of $440,020 in September, a 4.7 percent annual increase. The average condo price in the city, $232,237, rose by 6.7 percent.

Sales fell in Grande Prairie (21.1 percent decline) and Fort McMurray (5.8 percent), but they exploded in Lethbridge, where they were up 58.6 percent year-over-year.

Saskatchewan’s two largest markets both experienced impressive growth in both sales and average price. Saskatoon saw sales increase by 41.1 percent year-over-year, with the average sale price rising from $318,000 to $358,000 over the same period. In Regina, where complete September data was unavailable at time of writing, the number of firm sales in September was 28.7 percent higher than it was a year ago.

Sales in Winnipeg rose 57 percent compared to September 2019, smashing the previous record for the month and establishing new average prices of $352,010 for detached properties and $239,538 for condos.

“We are witnessing unprecedented times and certainly our third quarter sales activity of over 5,500 sales is unrivalled from any previous quarter in WinnipegREALTORS history,” said Catherine Schellenberg, president of WinnipegREALTORS.

Ontario

Sales in Ontario were 41.9 percent higher in September than they were a year before. It was the first time sales for the month surpassed 25,000. Year-to-date, however, sales in the province were only up 2.7 percent compared to the same period in 2019.

The average resale selling price in Ontario was $741,395 in September, a 19.7 percent annual increase. But there were several regions where the average price spiked by far more than the provincial average: Northeastern Ontario (the Kawarthas, Barrie, Muskoka), where it rose by 32.8 percent; Eastern Ontario (Kingston, Ottawa, Cornwall), where it increased by 28.5 percent; and Western Ontario (Windsor, Chatham-Kent, London), where it grew by 26.6 percent.

Quebec

Add Quebec to the list of provinces that generated gaudy sales data in September. Sales in the province were 51 percent higher than a year before, bringing active listings down by 33 percent.

Quebec City, where condo and detached sales skyrocketed by 99 and 64 percent, respectively, led the way. Detached homes in the capital are now fetching a median price of $282,500, while condos are selling for just over $201,000.

Montreal proved it still has plenty of upside, with total sales climbing 42 percent year-over-year in September. Sales grew most in Laval (59 percent increase) and the North Shore (61 percent), where the median price for single-family homes, $429,950, and condos, $270,000, were 20 percent and 16 percent higher, respectively, than a year before.

Atlantic Canada

Every province east of Quebec set new sales records in September.

Moncton, where sales jumped just under 40 percent year-over-year, came out ahead of New Brunswick’s other major markets. The composite benchmark price for Moncton rose 13.7 percent in September, hitting $220,500 by month’s end. In Fredericton, where sales surged 34.4 percent, the average price of homes sold was $210,015, 22.6 percent higher than a year before. Sales increased by 27.1 percent in Saint John, helping push the average sale price to a record $205,247.

“Much like other parts of New Brunswick, Saint John’s usually busy fall market is experiencing significantly increased demand,” said Corey Breau, president of the Saint John Real Estate Board. “When you combine that with the lowest inventory numbers that we have seen in over a decade, it creates sustained upward pressure on prices.”

In Nova Scotia, after the market posted a 38 percent yearly increase in sales during the month, the provincial average sale price climbed to a record $303,599, the first time in history it broke $300,000.

Of the eight regions governed by the Nova Scotia Association of Realtors, five experienced year-over-year sales growth of 38 percent or more, with sales in Yarmouth increasing by an absurd 153.8 percent.

In Prince Edward Island, sales rose by 24.5 percent, while in Newfoundland they increased by 39.5 percent. The average price in PEI swelled by 17.2 percent to hit $274,619. In Newfoundland, it climbed a more modest 7.7 percent to reach $256,663.

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